The Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science (CARR), China, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research (CARR), Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology will provide underpinning support for the science of Towards INMS to maximize the benefit of nitrogen for agriculture while minimizing the environmental threats. Specifically, CARR will contribute to Components 1 and 2 in developing nitrogen system indicators (Activity 1.1) and in the development of future nitrogen storylines and scenarios (Activity 2.4).